New York City as we know was one of the most diverse cities in the newly developed nation in the 19th Century (US Department of Health and Human Services) (Thom). By 1863 New York City had one of the worse health statistics in the nation. Data show that 1 out of 36 people died in New York as compared to other cities such as Boston and Philadelphia. Studies attribute the high rate of diseases to the inadequate housing, and unclean communities.
Sanitation, apartment overcrowding, and a clean water supply were all major problems for New York during the late nineteenth century (Thom). With overcrowding, and a lack of sanitary habits the spread of infectious disease was inevitable. It was very difficult to control the spread of infectious disease under these conditions (Cesifo Group). Highest reported spread of diseases was between 1881 and 1882, more than likely due to immigration. “In 1889, deaths reported were as follow:1242 deaths from scarlet fever, 1686 from diphtheria, 647 from whooping cough, 470 from measles, 1589 from 'cholera infantum,' and 5179 from tuberculosis” (US Department of Health and Human Services). In 1840 approximately 190 out of every 1,000 infants born in New York City never reached their first birthdays. Many of the diseases that caused all these deaths thrived in the dirty drinking water, untreated milk, sanitation, and housing conditions were all contributing factors to the high rates of disease in the cities (US Department of Health and Human Services).
Port Cities such as New York City were particularly susceptible to outbreaks of infectious diseases (What Was 19th Century Health Care). These locations brought an assortment of world travelers that have been exposed to a plethora of disease that was once restricted in certain parts of the world.
Works Cited
19th Century Nursing in England. 19 January 2007. 12 February 2010
Cesifo Group. "Evolution of Health Care, from 19th Century till today." Introduction of Public Health Care System. n.d.
Thom, Anso. Social development restored health in Britain's 19th century urban ghettos long before the arrival of drugs. 2 May 2002. 13 fEBRUARY 2010
US Department of Health and Human Services. "PUBLIC HEALTH IN NEW YORK CITY IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY." Health Report. 1990.
What Was 19th Century Health Care. 2/10/10 February 2010
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